Valentines Day Wedding Seating Plans

the history of Stalin's imaginary turning to religion and the Orthodox Church in 1930 years, "

Peter Ilchenko, Special Correspondent "Century" in Belgrade
12.05.2008


Paradoxically, the dividing line in relation to World War II ("pro-Russian" elements - those for Partisans and the Red Army, and "Anti-Russian" elements - those who are against the guerrillas and the Red Army) is not universal. Proof of this is For example, modern Serbia. Practically, this country could come close to full consensus on the issue of the Second World War, but in the mirror reflection of the views of most Russians, the events of 1941-1945 ...

Memories of hard struggle and a heroic victory over Germany and its allies in World War II refers to those invisible bonds that unite people into one of modern Russia. These memories run through the hearts of Russian, Eastern Ukrainians and Belarusians living in the now independent former Soviet republics, but preserving the spiritual relationship with Russia. Participation in the Second World War, which received Soviet history as World War II, deservedly become an important element of government propaganda in the Russian Federation and Belarus. And vice versa. Forces opposed to Russian, as in Russia and the former Soviet republics, up to shield the tradition of German collaborators occupiers. These forces are lovely names of fighters SS, Wehrmacht, auxiliary troops and police, who fought with the partisans in the Baltics, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and North Caucasus. A united Europe a blind eye to equalizing the rights of SS veterans and those under red banners fought against Nazism in Ukraine. In the Baltics, this equilibrium has long tilted toward condemnation of Soviet veterans and the arrogance of those who till the last struggled against Eastern hordes. "



This probably is a certain logic. Germany with the progress of the war more and more inclined to the idea of creating a unified Europe, a Europe for all European nations, which will protect the interests of Europeans from the "Red Plague". If you read German newspapers and occupation World War II, it is easy to see that arguments about the "European family of nations" appear in them no less than the current pretenders to the media EU membership in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, it is worth noting that not only the will of political elites, not only the state propaganda of Moscow and Minsk, Kaunas and Tallinn, but the people themselves feeling naturally rush to the bed, laid for them by official media and film projects.

Although recent archival research has shown that in the subsidiary parts of the Third Reich were hundreds of thousands of Russian, none of the veterans these parts would not dare to boast about my services to friends and comrades in Russia. Conversely, in the Baltic States and in Western Ukraine people's hands tint monuments and decorated with flowers memorials SS legionnaires.

To understand the reasons for the relationship to the events of the Second World War in Serbia should briefly describe about the events of the war in Yugoslavia. After the First World War came to light newborn Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Yugoslavia warmed a significant number of Russian immigrants, who are socio-political group, received in this country right maximum, compared to any other Russian foreign country. At the same time Yugoslavia until 1940 has taken a consistent anti-Soviet stance and recognized the Soviet Union later than everyone else European countries - only in 1940. Until the German occupation, the Communists regarded officially banned terrorist party. Under current police instructions, a member of the Communist Party of offering armed resistance to arrest, to be destroyed on site. Not remain in debt and staff Comintern, planners dismemberment of the country at the national republics with the right to self-determination. From the territories of the Serbian people planned in a separate education: Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Kosovo and Vojvodina. Large parts of the Serb-populated areas were to be transferred Croatia. Dislike of the Communist International to the Serbs expressed even in the fact that the Serbian Communist Party sought to be recorded in the questionnaires, the Croats, to look more loyal "internationalist ideal." In the prewar years, the Yugoslav Communists went so far that blocked the Croatian Ustashi and the Macedonian secessionists, "fellow travelers" to achieve common political goals.

After the First World War, Yugoslavia remained the official staunch ally of France and England. The paradox of this political orientation was that the western Balkans over the centuries has been economically associated with the countries of Central Europe. In the interwar years, this dependence is particularly convex - French and English capital and export were replaced by higher quality of German products and better deals with Germany. Once in 1940, France had fallen under the blows of the Wehrmacht, Yugoslavia was in a difficult situation. Political and military elite, educated in respect to England, with all my heart was torn on the side of beleaguered Albion. Broad strata of Serbian society who experience loyalty to the Allies in World War I and the traditional hostility to the Germans also tended to resist the ideas of "New order". On the other hand, economic ties with the Reich and its allies cast doubt on the feasibility of targeting Britain, which seemed too weak and lonely, compared to the new Europe. Appeals against the war with Germany, unheard of at the time, somewhat like today's Serbian media. "All of Europe has united in a common economic community, all the neighbors - members of a single military impulse." "The border states with outstretched hands waiting for the country's entry into the alliance, "or - with even greater enthusiasm and more widely spaced hands waiting to pull apart piece by piece country, if Belgrade refuses to honor the place in a united Europe. National minorities (Slovenes, Croats, Hungarians, Germans, Bosnian Muslims, Montenegrin separatists and Macedonian), then (as it is now) also exploded into the European community, seeing it as getting rid of "Greater yoke."

In such conditions, it was decided to strengthen its relations with the largest neutral country in Europe in 1940 - with ... Soviet Union. In 1940 took place on mutual recognition, the countries exchanged ambassadors. However, the military pressure on England was almost unbearable. It seemed a little more, and "Seelöwe" ("Sea Lion" - as the Germans called operation capture Britain) will make a decisive leap. Wise Anglo-Saxons in their traditional manner decided to shift the burden of fighting the less civilized peoples (Ie not on the Brits.) The choice fell on the Balkan, which decided to "bestow" the inclusion in the fight against the German Hun. " The latter also did not lag in their quest to retain the soft underbelly of Europe. Under the dictates of the Reich Yugoslavia acceded to the military alliance, Germany, Italy and Japan.
In response, the British secret service March 27, 1941 organized a coup in Yugoslavia in the hope that the Germans were bogged down in the Serbian mountains, and landed up in the rear in Greece forces of the Crown and the Commonwealth of reach even in a very shabby.
But hopes were in vain. Yugoslavia was the formation of unstable, in which a significant part of territories and peoples forcibly withheld. Immediately after the war began, the Croatian part of the army chose to turn their bayonets against Belgrade, not against Berlin. The final was sad. Intense fighting lasted for virtually the whole of one week. The Germans invaded and dismembered Yugoslavia. Macedonia went to Bulgaria, Kosovo - Albania, Vojvodina - Hungary, Dalmatia and Montenegro - Italy, Slovenia - Germany. From the western residues - Croatia and Bosnia - was slepleno Independent State of Croatia, from the east - "Serbia", no status.

the summer of 1941, after the German attack on the Soviet Union in Serbia distinguished by traditional rusofilstvom, communist guerrillas failed uprising bloodily suppressed by the Germans in late 1941. The rebels joined by non-communist fighters against German occupation - Chetniks Drops Mikhailovich who shared the ideals of monarchism, nationalism, and orientation the Western democracies - the United States and England. Germans were too busy to participate in the Balkan skirmishes, and they organized groups of radical Serb nationalists Gen. Milan Nedic and his ally Dimitry Loticha ready to fight against the British mercenary plutocratic red and terrorists. " Due these events, Serbian society was divided into three parts: the "pro-communist" (guerrillas), "pro-democracy" (Chetniks), and "extremely nationalistic" (Nedichevtsy), was also a Russian protective casing of the "Balkan" Russian (from Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and Greece), for the most part supported the Germans.

And ideological component in this division was very conditional. Communism and nationalism, and democracy have their local interpretation and perception. As a result, between these three groups broke out a veritable civil war. There, from 1941 to 1945, was attended by Germany, the USSR, Britain and the USA, supported with different intensity of his supporters. As a result of external and internal factors of the Serbian civil war had no inherent winners. In 1942 he gained the upper hand and nedichevtsy lotichevtsy almost completely expelled from the territory occupied by Serbian guerrillas. In 1943 and early 1944. the majority of Serbian villages and provincial towns came under the control of the Serbian Chetniks, and the second half of 1944 with the support of the Red Army of Serbia was again under control guerrillas.

vnutriserbskaya And this civil war, like a needle in a fairy egg is inside another civil war - vnutriyugoslavskoy. After the fall of the Belgrade authorities to most of the former "oppressed" peoples (Croats, Bosnian Muslims, Albanians and Macedonians), hard, started solve "the Serbian question." And if the majority confined simply smashing and looting, as well as the haphazard killings of Serb local elites (intellectuals, priests, military, and just the wealthy), the independent Croatian state has set a formal stated objectives - a third of the Serbs to convert to Catholicism, a third drive, and a third killed.

in Croatian concentration camps to undesirable elements, along with Jews and Gypsies, and Serbs were relegated.

Together with a comparatively small and almost completely destroyed the Jewish and Roma communities were killed Several hundred thousand Serbs - only because they were Serbs. In vain, the Germans and Italians, anticipating the possible consequences of trying to warn the Croatian management of extreme violence.

As a result of these processes is a significant part of the Serbian population was in a densely wooded Croatian and Bosnian forests. Desperate people, burning with vengeance and hatred, were the ideal material for the recruitment of troops resistance. In this case all depended on who will enlighten the mind, seek solace and explanation, and who build weapons of calloused hands, accustomed to a simple peasant labor. Will Does this officer and a priest, who recalled the Serbian national unity and the need for the struggle for "God, King and Fatherland", or a young teacher, student dropouts or city worker, who will report on "the eternal kingdom of justice in the communist tomorrow." Thus, the area Croatia and Bosnia in 1942-1943. became the scene of the most violent events, where the Chetniks, the guerrillas and the Croatian Ustashi slaughtered each other with an exclusive enthusiasm. At the same time on the side of the partisans were military successes of the USSR, the traditional rusofilstvo Serbs and softness in solving the national question. Vacillating Croats, for which in 1943 became apparent defeat of the Reich, as well as those who are horrified at bloody face of genocide, sought to find allies among the forest of people. " But the Chetniks in the majority had developed an ideology and raised a banner of "righteous vengeance." The only place where could rush an increasing number of repentant representatives of the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, were partisans. This caused a gradual strengthening of the forces of guerrillas, who in 1944 became the dominant force both on the field vnutriyugoslavskoy, and in vnutriserbskoy civil wars. It is worth noting that in this case, as in the last Yugoslav war, as in the Russian Civil War, the warring parties are sometimes temporarily "friendly against a third party. In this case, the guerrillas sometimes blocked with the Chetniks and Ustashi and Chetnik alternately an alliance with the guerrillas, the Ustashi and nedichevtsami. These maneuvers have actively participated and Germans. They managed to negotiate with the guerrillas on joint action against the Anglo-Americans, in their surprise landing on the Adriatic coast. Chetniks collaborated with the Germans while fighting with the guerrillas, but was unable to agree on joint action against "the invasion of the USSR."

Meanwhile, in 1944 Red Army troops were able to chine German army and its allies, and get off at the border of the USSR. Romania and Bulgaria have been passed Forces 2 nd and 3rd Ukrainian Front like a knife through butter. Taking advantage of the confusion Germans caused so rapid onset of the Red Army, the Yugoslav partisans broke through the defenses Chetniks and nedichevtsev in southern Serbia and in unison rushed to Belgrade from the south-west. Crossed the Danube, 57, Army 3rd Ukrainian Front liberated from the Germans eastern and central part of Serbia and went to Belgrade from the north-east. In this case, they were surprised to find that the designated Glavpurovskoy propaganda as local collaborators and nedichevtsy Chetniks have no resistance. In fact, Nedic and Lotich throughout the war, evaded attempts to German administration to force them to fight against the USSR. A Chetnik Drops Mikhailovich and tried to do to take part in the liberation of Serbia, together with the troops Red Army. Several representatives of the Chetniks attempted to submit its response to the Yugoslav partisans, as ... "massacre of the Trotskyists" and assured the Red Army commanders in their love for Russia. However, this attempt failed.

several towns in central Serbia (Krusevac, Trstenik and others), liberated from the Germans, Chetniks, along with the liberators were transferred to representatives of the Red Army guerrillas, who in place dealt with the hated opponents of the Civil War.

Soon the joint actions of the Yugoslav partisans and the 4 th Mechanized Corps Gen. Zhdanov Belgrade was taken. Defending its German and scattered pieces of the Russian corps were driven from the city and retreated to the west. After that, Soviet troops pulled out of Yugoslavia through Vojvodina and continued their advance on Berlin, Budapest and Vienna. In moving to the west Soviet troops were advancing, touching the left flank of the northern (Croatian) parts of Croatia. Combat support to the Yugoslav partisans provided air connection Vitruk that took part in its attack planes, fighter jets and medium bombers. For Yugoslavia, the war ended not 8, not 9, but only 15 May 1945 with the fall of the last strongholds of resistance and the Germans who fought there, shoulder to shoulder Germans, Ustasha, Chetniks, and Vlasov ...

It should be noted that the victory of the partisans meant not only the expulsion of the Germans. From autumn 1944 until 1948 in Yugoslavia was promoted repression against the flywheel assembled into a single bunch of "collaborators occupation, nationalists, obscurantist and anti-communist ideology." In the weeks after the capture of Belgrade in the city were shot several hundred priests, engineers, university professors, teachers and simply disagree. The same wave of Red Terror in the worst traditions of the "proletarian revolution" took place and other liberated from German territory.

The situation worsened in the years 1948-1957, when Yugoslavia was in a confrontation with the Soviet Union and its allies. At this time the flywheel of repression felt by those already, who are positive about the USSR and the Russian general, and the country was on the verge of NATO membership (the negotiations broke off only the death of Stalin). Of course, under these conditions, the historical role of the USSR in the liberation of Yugoslavia from the Germans began to diminish, and with the memory of Soviet stay in Yugoslavia began to fight. Even then, in 1948, the area and squares Serbian towns and villages were "exempt" from the obelisks and the mass graves of Soviet soldiers. Monuments smashed and passed to scrap, and the grave raked in common graves, or simply covered with earth. In their place are usually erected monuments to the Yugoslav partisans, the ashes are promptly dug out of the other graves. Later, after the improvement of relations with the Soviet Union, part of the monuments to Soviet soldiers in Yugoslavia was restored, and on the outskirts of Belgrade, was built the Soviet memorial cemetery. Victory Day, which is determined decision of the Yugoslav party leadership moved to May 15, returned on May 8. And yet, for understandable reasons, the role of the Soviet Union against Germany and the liberation of Europe from the German hegemony continued to be perceived with disdain. Official concept is the fact that the Eastern Front, the African (later Western) and the front battles in Yugoslavia had equal influence on the outcome of World War II. Developed the concept that Yugoslavia in 1941 "saved Moscow", which "delayed the sending the promised arms and military assistance. " Things reached the point that the official historical science was seriously argue that Tito "temporarily invited the Red Army into Yugoslavia on its own terms, "etc ... Held back not only the crucial role of the Soviet Union in defeating Germany, but also the importance of diversionary and guerrilla training received by Tito and his colleagues in the Soviet Union and Spain under the leadership of the Soviet instructors.

These manipulations of the mass consciousness have left their mark. The value of the Second World War, the struggle with Germany and victory over it have become increasingly fading. In the pursuit of elusive blue bird of communism - Proletarian internationalism - Tito's regime came to an even larger correction of the past.

Chetniks and Ustashi were equalized as "geeks Serbian and Croatian people. "

with a focus on war crimes Chetniks and downplay the mass killings perpetrated by the Ustashi. Cooperation Chetniks and Partisans at the beginning of the war were portrayed as something accidental, fleeting, almost not occurred. Even greater contribution to the destruction of the integrity of memories World War II brought freedom to leave the country, which became available in Yugoslavia with the 60th's. Widespread travel "guest workers" in the country Western Europe and America led to the fact that the relationship between the military wave of emigration (yesterday's Chetniks, Ustashi and lotichevtsami) and coming out of postwar Yugoslavia became very broad. Of course, the Yugoslav security services tried to reduce the effects of such contact to a minimum. But in the conditions of visa-free exit to prevent infusion in Yugoslav society "of others' ideas about World War II has become almost impossible.

Confusion in the estimates of the Second World war, the role of the Red Army and the guerrillas reached its peak in the early nineties. While in Yugoslavia, just like in Russia at that time, it was possible to hear the most Opposing views on this subject, and, unlike in Russia where the authorities kept giperkriticheskoe attitude toward victory (Volkogonov and K ˚), in Yugoslavia, main-stream flows through several different course.

course, the role of the Ustasha in Croatia have also been re-evaluated. From the "devils in the flesh "in the days of President Tudjman, they gradually became the champions of freedom of Croatia, who may, somewhere, and sometimes go too far, but in large As did the right thing and have been blackened communist historians. Croatia has thus developed for the clear pattern. All this is reminiscent of reassessment Action SS veterans in the Baltics and western Ukraine. Symbols of the Ustasha and the Nazis set up the Independent State of Croatia became part of the state and military symbols of Croatia. Military traditions and songs of the Ustasha were honored in the Croatian army.

However, in Croatia, the situation changed after 1995, ie after the victory over the Serbs and their almost complete expulsion from the country.

first only in communion with the West, and later for internal use steel accents shift. An interesting initiative in this sense, given the head of the Croatian General Staff, Janko Bobetko, which is still in the distant ninetieth in the interview with the Russian television compared the liberation operation Croatian army with guerrilla operations against the "fascist henchmen Chetniks in the Second World War. Croatian President Tudjman himself as a member of the guerrilla movement was even awarded in 1995, the Russian state award in memory of the Second World War II, that showed the beginning of the reorientation of the Croatian elite.

Almost tipping the date of the death of President Franjo Tudjman and his ministers Defense Gojko Susak, who died with a touching unity with the same diagnosis in the same medical institution, and thus freed the scene for a new generation of reformers. In fact, the team, who had his hands elbow-deep in blood, which rejected the genocide during the Second World War and to make repeated anti-Semitic statements could hardly be appropriate for a country that is going to become a member of NATO and the EU. Over time, the official propaganda of Croatia became More and more turn in the opposite direction. Current Croatian officials say without a shadow of doubt that Croatia - the first country, where a massive anti-fascist movement, referring to the guerrillas. Its leader was a Croat - Tito. That among the rebels an absolute majority up to 1944 and relative to 1944-1945. were Serbs, of course, is not mentioned. Indeed, the very idea of anti-fascism is stated as a commitment to the ideals of democracy in general, and Western liberal democracy in particular. Communist orthodoxy and terror against political opponents during and after the war it is finished - the work of the Serbs, "who for the most part supported the Chetniks, and after Stalinism." And now in 2007-2008, the Croatian state television takes on the budget money serial film about the life of the Croatian intellectual family on the eve of and during the Second World War. Ustashi depicted in it evil psychopaths, and the Croatian underground Communists - nice, though somewhat carried about by young people. In this case, the same metamorphosis occurs with the monuments of partisans, with street names associated with the guerrilla movement. At the periphery of most of these monuments have been demolished and the streets were renamed, as perpetuating the memory of the Serb partisans. At the same time in major cities, there are renovation and restoration of monuments of "the heroic anti-fascists from Croatia. " At the same time, it is worth noting that in the general population there is a rejection in relation to the historical legacy of the partisan movement. In this partisan memorials are regularly subjected to desecration of the unknown "young hooligans".

In Serbia, the dynamics of mass views on the Second World War and its results has evolved somewhat differently, but even more unlike the situation in the former Soviet Union. Since the early nineties gradually came rehabilitation chetnicheskogo movement increasingly became politically popular recognition of the role of the Chetniks in the fight against the Germans in the early War and the Ustashi during almost the entire war. As much as two major political parties of the then Serbia - Vojislav Seselj's Radical Party and Serbian movement Update Vuk Draskovic claimed the heritage and the revival of chetnicheskogo movement. In this sheshelevskoe direction is mainly based on the revival traditions of Serbian Chetniks in the western part of Serbian ethnic space (Bosnia and Croatia), where the main objective was to protect the interests of the Serb people from the Croats and Bosnian Muslims. In the perception of Draskovic, chetnicheskoe movement had a different interpretation. Here greater attention to traditional reliance on allies, and against democracy, "adapted to the conditions of the Serb." Recreating leaf image Chetniks in no small measure contributed to the and the fact that in Serbia, as such, the guerrilla movement has been relatively scarce. Mass is acquired it in Serb areas of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro. On the other hand, it is in the early nineties, got out on the white light of all the mistakes made in solving the national question in post-war Yugoslavia. While ethnic minorities were on the territories of Croatia, Bosnia and Macedonia, autonomous regions were established only in Serbia. Chetniks, in contrast by Internationalist-partisan, were the most ardent defenders of the Serbs from the Muslims and Croats.

No wonder that under these conditions the halo of the partisan movement quickly faded, destroyed the ideals of brotherhood and unity.

official propaganda managed to maintain sympathy for the people "Communists-pochvennikam" which did not give turn will Croat Tito. This wave was successfully dismantled the cult of Tito. But the process of dismantling has not stopped. Practically, with nostalgia for the "glorious seventieth", in the broad popular strata remained sympathies to the Communist ideology as outdated and shared mode Milosevic's disastrous quickly becomes unattractive. If in the early nineties portraits of Slobodan Milosevic sold in churches, in 2000 has been difficult to meet the person, except employees of government agencies, which would positively expressed the communist legacy. This desperate anti-communism (and anti-socialist sentiments) are strong and still. For the past 8 years after the fall of Milosevic, his party is dragging out a miserable existence, and the orthodox Communists virtually absent. Paradoxically, in Serbia - the country's turbulent transition period, the welfare of the oligarchs, the wild privatization and a sharp drop in living standards - the main mass of the disaffected vote not for socialists or communists, but for the Nationalists, that is, radicals.

clear In these conditions the positive memories of World War II, the guerrillas and the role of the Red Army as a liberating army, can not be massive. If the first blow to the positive image of the character of the liberation of victory in World War II dealt a great lie in 1948, the last, of course, was unsuccessful outcome of wars of the nineties for the Heritage section of Yugoslavia. Administrative boundaries, resulting from the victory of the guerrillas in 1945, became the basis of those independent states which are separated from Serbia, the Serbian lands, which remained in Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Kosovo. Practically, in the mass consciousness of the modern Serbian inhabitant Second World War - a civil war in which the Communist victory, with all its consequences.

Thus, even a professor at the Belgrade University historian Nikola Samardzic live on 21 December 2007 stated that "Serbia survived two occupations - in 1941 and in 1944, the latter was much worse, because its effects were much more severe. " With regard to the other side - Serb nationalists, their position may not be less accurately determined from the storefront Serbian Radical Party in downtown Belgrade, is literally littered with books of memoirs Chetniks and lotichevtsev. Memoirs of a partisan may appear here only if they contain revelations of crimes the communists against the Serbian people. With this unexpected convergence of views opposing parts of Serbian society in the outcome of the Second World War in Serbia should be noted that the starting positions on both sides different. "Patriots" see the victory of the partisans in 1944, defeated the Serbian national interests, the triumph of materialism, the destruction of centuries-old spiritual values. Liberals see in this victory rejection of Western civilization and liberal values. This unanimity of views evident in respect of Serbian political elite international ceremony dedicated to World War II. It is important to notice that in 2005, even the head of Estonia has found it necessary to to visit Moscow, but the pro-Russian Serbia has not sent any leaders of the ruling party (Democrats) or the leaders of the opposition (the Radicals), which preferred to lie low and not cause the voters of unpleasant associations. Came only the technical representatives of Serbia, the ministers minor ministries to place Serbia is not empty too ostentatiously.

In the late nineties, only a small organization of veterans and historians retirees organized Society for the Protection of the truth about the national liberation struggle, which is actively publishes memoirs and books about the "heroic struggle against the fascist occupiers and their henchmen. " However, in recent times even Society is mutated in the Anti-Fascist alliance of Serbia, which enjoys a subsidy from general funds with the Mothers in Black "," Helsinki Group and other human rights organizations.

Monuments partisans and Red Army soldiers in Serbia destroyed. No, they just are self-destructive. Abandoned and empty, they become a meeting place for drug addicts looking for solitude.

Covered layers of graffiti and are no longer seen brought to a grateful heart flowers. Only occasionally, in the case of the arrival of the official Russian delegation to them appear flowers. The only exception - Park liberators of Belgrade, who carefully cultivate and beautify. In this case, the majority of people walking on it couples or moms with fun frolicking children just do not know who is and who liberated Belgrade. If you ask them who set taken refuge in the dense shade of the monuments they replied indifferently: "Somehow the Communists." After the excitement, lies and denial is indifference has become the latest form of the Serbian society to the events of World War II.

Higher irony is that the Serbs, who after the Russian and Belarusians suffered the greatest relative loss in During World War II, almost completely replaced her out of his memory under the influence of civil strife that accompanied the war. This is partly comparable with the Russian attitude toward the First World War. Under the influence of the Civil War, World War I (the memory of which is actively living in Serbia, as the heroic act) has faded and disappeared from popular memory. Meanwhile, from all countries involved in World War I, it was Russia that suffered the greatest losses.
http://www.stoletie.ru/slavyanskoe_pole/kto_i_ot_kogo_osvobozhdal_belgrad_2008-05-12.htm

Nys Temporary Visitor Expired On Drivers License

Who and who liberated Belgrade ...


As in any layers was conceived negative attitude toward the church in Russia. This is a very big issue, going to our own Baptism Russ.

We will not enumerate all the riots and complaints and discuss the most illustrative.



"peasants with the Archangel Cathedral. Zavidova Klin y. Tsar Peter Alekseevich ... Brow beat the poor and powerless until the end of the ruined orphan thy Klin district Arkhangelsk estate village peasants Zavidova Elder Klimko Matveev yes elective Afonka Larionov, Klimko Andreev, Mitko Eftifeev, Cusco Epifanov Punk Kondratiev and all the peasants. In the past, sir, respectively possessed by us, orphans, thy are the Archangel Cathedral of the power and priest at all, and all sorts of quit-rents, we are your orphans, paying for all there. And now, sir, we are your orphans, separated by a small split. And by the sovereign, section priests [and gb] yakon impose on us, thy fatherless children, many of the quit-rents and extra tablespoons stocks. And for all their whims, they, the priests and deacons, to us all sorts of whims, orphans thy coming, and his men continually sent. And such of its overhead tributes and dining supplies for us, thy fatherless children, rule the death payment is not against the former. But first, sir, we have this, your orphan, such overhead tributes and dining stocks nobody plachivali. And we, your orphan, from such rents their overhead and table stock and all sorts of attacks and the untimely death and pravezhu ruined completely without residue. And there are their overheads tributes us your orphans, pay could not stand "(Peasant petitions the XVII century.: From the collections of the State Historical Museum. - M.: Nauka, 1994. - S. 85).

"peasants with the Archangel Cathedral. Ilyinsky Kashin have. Tsar Peter Alekseevich withdrawing from them the surplus rents ... And how, sir, we are, orphans yours, given the Archangel Cathedral, and a former priest Theodore with the brothers put upon us in an increase in money eighty-one ruble thirteen two hit the jackpot money, but for mowing pointed out to take with us now take a suburban estate patrimony ten employees. And how in the past 204-year protopresviter Petr Vasilyevich priests divided us, orphans, between themselves on the share, and they, the priests, the sacristan of the brethren laid back as the surplus rents: sheep cheeses, eggs, mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, berries, cranberries, cranberry. And for those dining stocks they come, the priests, to us themselves and send their people and of those supplies pravezhe beat us nearly to death, and his visits are told to prepare myself lunch, and take with us the carts. And because we are poor, utterly ruined "(Ibid. - P. 86).

Solution: "... ordered to the village headman and elected Elias peasants on a list for their disobedience and contrary to inflict punishment: beating instead of a whip whip mercilessly. " "The same fate befell farmers Zavidovskoy parish., Klin y." (Ibid. - S. 237).
"Reverend Varsunofiyu, Metropolitan Sarskoe and Poddonskomu, brow beat orphans of the great princes of the palace of the village Bogdanova Viazemsky county headman of Life-Giving Trinity Church Church Ivashko Lavrent'ev. The complaint, sir, I'm the same church for the priest Maksim Fedorov. At present, sir, in the 193-year March 12 day zazval to himself he pop Maxim, me, an orphan in the house and took into account I have a church to ask for money. And I am an orphan, the money he has not given because the world does not give me told. And he, pop Maxim, me, an orphan, and beat for injuries and head I broke up the blood. And many of our brother beats ... But he is popular Maxim repairs are not against your svyatitelskogo decree: from wedding takes with pervozhentsov ruble yes at Pudu honey "(Peasant petitions the XVII century.: From the collections of the State Historical Museum. - M.: Nauka, 1994. - S. 210-211).
in 1905-1907. protests became more organized. The king is no longer believed in and took matters into their own hands.

So gathering of peasants Olkhovskaya parish Tsaritsyn county (to a report by the gendarmerie officer) makes a decision the closure of churches: the Church is not needed, they should be paid to other useful institutions: schools, hospitals (High tide of revolution of 1905-1907, Part 2, ... - M., 1955. - S. 758).

On meeting of the All-Russian Peasant Union sounds: "We live still terribly hard. For example, in our village for many years going litigation with the priests. How many not rolling in money, somewhere fail. They say the priests serve as intermediaries between humans and God, but in reality they serve as intermediaries between supervisors, Police and us, and only in a hurry to tear off a little more from the peasants. " (Minutes of Delegates' Meeting of All-Russian Peasant Union, November 6-10, 1905 - Moscow, 1906. - S. 30-31)
Or another peasant complaint:
"Do not have time to lock the gates as they are now again come to-this: pork, sour cream, chicken, butter, eggs, rzhitsy, muchitsy, cannabis - even cry-cry. Dogs do not otbrehali as again cast: priests go meet them, such syakih (ecclesiastical and social messenger. - 1914. - № 31)

In 1905, priest Fr Michael (Leviticus) wrote in "Church Herald":
"Clergy do not use any influence, hated and despised people, serves his eyes, the personification of greed, greed. Clergy demoralizing to the loss of a significant part not only pastoral, but also human dignity "(The Church Herald. - 1905. - № 32)

But as was the case in the country after the 1917 revolution, the Bolsheviks.

Zadonsky correspondent in Moscow "Izvestia" reported on the religious life in the province: "Find us in the village Communist who would not have hung in a house icon - a rarity."
A certain Communist speaks about his father: "Old man, for two hours on his knees, praying all the saints goes through ... I would rather go to the front than for this thing to take. "
"Marries In one village, a Communist. In the church is full of wedding procession. Ahead of the red banner with the inscription: "Workers of the World Unite, "then the icon, then the groom with a red bow in the whole breast. This "Red Wedding" is not uncommon in the village. "

That's how communism coexist and Orthodoxy in the hearts of people.

Not the church.

"From top of church government to host to host, struggled on all fronts

Christ-loving warriors, the valiant defenders of the Holy Church and dear motherland! Address you with a word of greeting and Christian love Higher Church Administration, consisting of bishops, Priests and lay people ... Stand up tighter around his Supreme Leader, somknite tightly around their ranks to protect the motherland from the rapists, and traitors. Holy Church sends you, martyrs, their blessings and prays to the Lord to strengthen your forces in combat with the enemy. Remember, beloved, the more work so sweeter rest, the higher the reward from the LORD: - grace, and from grateful citizens - you eternal glory and honor. "Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, take courage, be strong" (1 Corinthians 16, 13), "like God with us" (Matt. 1: 23).
your faithful
Sylvester, Archbishop of Omsk and Pavlodar,
Benjamin, Archbishop of Siberian and Syzran,
Archpriest Vladimir Sadovsky. (Pp. 135-136)

(A Reader on the History of Russia: 1917-1940 years. Ed. Prof. Glavatskiy AM. - Moscow: Aspekt Press, 1994. - 446 with.)
thanks
Yuri Chekalin
yuriyc

Sims Mac Voyage No Cd

Magazine "Ark", the second electronic edition

SECOND ELECTRONIC EDITION!

Dear friends!
year has passed since we decided to start a very interesting and noble case, the publication of the magazine (under the auspices of the Ark of the site) to help homeless animals. According to reviews, I know that the publication was not in vain, though, because many People interested in this problem, the homeless, unwanted animals. I hope the supporters have increased.
A year later, I can not say that the situation has greatly improved, in my opinion, everything was a bit worse. But we still, do not hang my head and hope to do something. Since now, in times of crisis time with finances at all to put it mildly, not really, tehadmin our website, Vladimir, has offered to make an electronic version on the necks of the newspaper, the further spread of it over the network. It is completely free of the Facilitators and the beautiful animals can provide an additional chance. Surely we do not want it? Believe me, all for!
Besides ads Animal plan to put this issue on the Old korobochnikam material in support of sterilization, the new head of Notes Chris and stories of winners Competition named Chris.
That's all our project is ready!
coded it in a format pdf
To view and read
go to the page http://covcheg.spb.su/jour
click download
open Zip
start pdf
links to topics in ads ACTIVE!

Happy reading! Please send us your feedback!

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Chariots of War



"Chariots of War"

two engineers invented in Italy in 1935, during World War II submarine on the special experimental two-seater was developed in Italy and England,
and other equipment such as a submarine diving suit, a book that describes in detail the history and war time pilots. Stuffed with photos.

21.5x30cm, 162 pages, English, English Ulric Pub. Annual 2004, Hardcover

¥ 9,440 .-
shipping ¥ 400 (place of cash Integrated +300)




(click to enlarge)


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Camiones Futura Chihuahua

Inc.; Monographs / Monografie

"Monographs / Monografie Series" Back

fighter bombers of the United States and Germany during World War II, numerous photos and color profiles
, precise drawings and described in the monograph series is to help production model


A4, about 120 pages, English Polish listed, photographs, drawings, and the volume
, masking sheets, decals, and we are about.
more information, please contact us.

some items out of print, so we, as soon as possible please contact us!

　 　 　



　 　 　

　 　 　

　 　 　

　 　 　

　 　 　







※ ] [Out of stock items has become a commodity as long as stock becomes
Monografie / Monographs No.42 Junkers Ju 87 vol. IV ¥ 5,145 -
Monograph / Monographs No.41 Heinkel He 219 Uhu ¥ 5,513 -
Monograph / Monographs No.40 Curtiss P-40 Vol II 5513 yen -
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Monograph / Monographs No.28 Ireland P-47 Thunderbolts Vol IV, ¥ 5,513 -
Monograph / Monographs No.26 Chance Vought F4 Corsair For 5513 yen vol II - Memoirs
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Monograph / Monographs No.14 绝版 Junkers Ju 88 Vol II 5513 yen -
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Monograph / Monographs No.10 Grumman F6F Hellcat, ¥ 5,513 -
Monograph / Monographs No.4 Focke Wulf Fw 190 Vol II ¥ 5513 -
Monografie / Monographs No.2 Brewster F2A Buffalo ¥ 5,513 -
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shipping for each ¥ 400 (case of cash +300) ※ Item 1 +100 yen for each additional point


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Monograph / Monographs No.43 Curtiss P-40 Vol III
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Monograph / Monographs No.07 改 订 版 PZL P 24 AG
Monograph / Monographs No.16 Messerschmitt Bf 110 Vol I - improved reissue of the book Memoirs
/ Monographs No.9 Chance Vought F4U Corsair
Memoirs Vol I / Monographs No.7 PZL P.24 AG
Monograph / Monographs No.5 Focke Wulf Fw 190 Vol III
Monograph / Monographs No.3 Heinkel He 111 Vol I - INCLUDING masking foil


【在庫 なし / 絶版 につき お 取り寄せ できません】
Monograph / Monographs No.29 绝版 Messerschmitt Bf 109 G / K Vol III
Monograph / Monographs no.27 绝版 Junkers Ju 87 Vol II Memoirs
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/ Monographs No.18 绝版 Nakajima Ki-84 Hayate
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Monograph / Monographs No.12 绝版 F4F Wildcat
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Monograph / Monographs No.8 绝版 Heinkel He 111 Vol II Memoirs
/ Monographs No.6 绝版 Focke Wulf Fw 190 Vol IV


vol.17 Vol.24 と から プレヴュー 用 に 数 ページ 撮影 いたしました
can see large picture click on the image




fold drawing





by masking these winding sheets, or
comes with decals

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Series - Doku - Soviet War "Military Chronicle series"

"Military Chronicle" series - Russia / Russia and the Soviet Union - against Soviet military involvement
Doku
or fighting, along with photographic materials to introduce first-class figure painting figure and color photographs and rare theater.











A4, 70 pages, in Russian, many photographs, figures paint colors, and maps The photo caption
paper are listed in English and Russian. Omasu
become paper thin cover for a magazine-type series.
Also, not in the Middle Ages for the older books,
Please note if there is such a pain because there is wear and corners.

Military Chronicle 1-2001: November 18, 1942 July 01 Battle of Stalingrad ¥ 3,780 -
Military Chronicle 2-2001: September 16, 1939 May 11 incident from ¥ Nomonhan 4,032 -
12 Sold Out ↑ / ↑ 6

Military Chronicle 1-2002: From May 1942 the Crimean War in March 1941, ¥ 4,032 -
Military Chronicle 2-2002: February 2, 1943 July 17, 1942 Battle of Stalingrad ¥ 4 , 032 -
Military Chronicle 3-2002: February 04, the first two volumes from January 1, 1943 Battle of Stalingrad ¥ 4,032 -
Military Chronicle 4-2002: Volume 1 September 30, the first from 10 July 1941 Battle of Leningrad ¥ 4,200 -
Military Chronicle 5-2002: Volume 2 from September 30, 1941 July 10, Leningrad Battle eye ¥ 3,938 -
Military Chronicle 2-2003: Volume 1 September 26, the first from July 7, 1941 Front Minami Nishi ¥ 4,200 -
Military Chronicle 4-2003: the first two volumes from the date of September 26, 1941 July 07, Minami Nishi Front ¥ 4,200 -
Military Chronicle 3-2003: Volume 1 September 10, the first from 10 July 1941 Battle of Smolensk ¥ 4,200 -
Military Chronicle 5-2003: September 10, the first two volumes from the date of the Battle of Smolensk July 10, 1941 ¥ 4,200 -
Military Chronicle 5-2005: 1944 Battle of Karelia ¥ 4,200 - sold out
12 ↑ / ↑ 6
Each carriage
¥ 300 (case of cash +200) 1 point for each additional item yen ※ +100



filmed for a few previews from the book.
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